Inā ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe pehea i hana ʻia ai kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau, nā meaʻai a i ʻole nā biofuels, aia ka pane ma kahi ʻāpana mea i kapa ʻia he bioreactor. Ma kēia ʻatikala mākou e wehewehe ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi nā mea āpau e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i nā bioreactors. No laila ke nīnau mai kekahi iā ʻoe "He aha ka bioreactor?", hiki iā ʻoe ke pane maʻalahi.
He aha ka bioreactor?
ʻO ka bioreactor kahi mea hana a moku paha ulu ʻia nā cell a i ʻole microorganism ma lalo o nā kūlana hoʻomalu e hana i nā mea kiko'ī. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau mea mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me nā antibiotic a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, i nā meaʻai e like me ka yoghurt a i ʻole ka pia, a me nā wahie e like me ka ethanol.
He mea nui kēia mea hana i ka biotech hou. Hāʻawi lākou i kahi kaiapuni kahi e ulu ai nā cell a i ʻole microorganisms a hana i nā huahana i makemake ʻia. ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻomalu i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka mahana, ka pH, ka nui o ka meaʻai a me ka nui o ka oxygen e hiki ai i ka hana ʻana a me ka maikaʻi o nā huahana koʻikoʻi.
ʻO ka mōʻaukala a me kaʻolua
ʻO ka mōʻaukala o nā bioreactors mai ka wā kahiko me ka fermentation, hana ʻia ka berena, ka pia a me ka waina. ʻO nā mea hana mua he ipu lepo wale nō i hoʻohana ʻia e nā lāhui e like me nā Helene a me nā Roma e hoʻomoʻa i ka meaʻai ma lalo o nā kūlana anaerobic.
I ke kenekulia 20, ua hoʻomaka nā bioreactors hou e hoʻomohala me ka hana ʻana o ka penicillin i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II. Ua hōʻailona kēia i kahi holomua nui, e ʻae ana i ka hana nui o antibiotics a me nā huahana biotechnological ʻē aʻe.
ano
Aia nā ʻano bioreactors i hana ʻia no nā noi like ʻole a me nā moʻomeheu cell.
- Hoʻoulu ʻia Tank: ʻO kēia nā mea maʻamau a loaʻa i kahi tank me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻonāukiuki e hoʻohui i nā mea i loko e hōʻoia i ka hāʻawi like ʻana o nā meaʻai a me ka oxygen.
- Photobioreactors (PBR): Hoʻohui i kahi kumu māmā, kūlohelohe a mea hana paha, e ulu i nā mea ola phototrophic e like me cyanobacteria, algae a i ʻole nā mea kanu limu. Hoʻohana kēia mau mea ola i ka mālamalama ma o photosynthesis i kumu o ka ikehu.
- Lapaʻau hoʻowahāwahā wai: E hoʻohana i ka media inert me ka ʻili kiʻekiʻe no ka ulu ʻana o ka biofilm a i ʻole nā ʻōnaehana aeration e hana i ka sludge hoʻāla ʻia, e hōʻemi ana i ka koi ʻana o ka oxygen biochemical (BOD) o ka wai haumia.
- ʻiʻo kūikawā: Hoʻolālā ʻia e ulu i nā cell a me nā ʻiʻo e pono ai ke kākoʻo kūkulu. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka hana hou ʻana i nā ʻōkana i loko o ke keʻena hana, e like me ka cardiac, muscle, ligament and cancer tissue models.
Nā mea nui o kahi bioreactor
No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hana ʻana o kahi bioreactor, pono e ʻike i kāna mau mea nui:
- moku: ʻO ka pahu kahi e ulu ai nā pūnaewele a i ʻole nā microorganisms. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i ke kila kila, ke aniani borosilicate a me ka hoʻohana hoʻokahi.
- Pūnaehana hoʻoulu: He mīkini no ka hui ʻana i nā mea o ka bioreactor, e hōʻoia ana i ka hāʻawi like ʻana o nā meaʻai a me ka oxygen.
- ʻŌnaehana ʻōnaehana: Nā lako e nānā a hoʻoponopono i nā ʻāpana e like me ka mahana, ka pH, ka oxygen dissolved a me ka ʻike meaʻai.
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Nā ʻōnaehana hānai a me ka wehe ʻana: Nā mea hana e hoʻohui i nā meaʻai a hoʻoneʻe i nā huahana ʻōpala, e mālama ana i ke kaiapuni maikaʻi loa no ka ulu ʻana o ke kelepona.
Pehea e hana ai ka bioreactor?
No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hana ʻana, e noʻonoʻo i kahi nui tank kahi e waiho ʻia ai nā microorganisms e like me ka bacteria, yeast, nā mea kanu a me nā mea holoholona. Pono kēia mau microorganisms i kekahi mau kūlana e ulu a hana i nā mea e pono ai mākou. ʻO kēia kahi e komo ai ka bioreactor, no ka mea, hāʻawi ia:
- Nā meaʻono: ʻO ka meaʻai pono no nā microorganisms, e like me ke kō, nā waikawa amino a me nā huaora.
- Oxygen: Pono no kekahi mau microorganism e hanu. I loko o nā bioreactors aerobic, hāʻawi ʻia ka oxygen ma o ka hū ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻoulu ʻana.
- Mahana: He wahi mahana a paʻa, hoʻomalu ʻia e nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomehana a hoʻomaha paha.
- pH: ʻO ka pae kūpono o ka acidity a i ʻole ka alkalinity, hoʻoponopono ʻia e ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā waikawa a i ʻole nā kumu.
- Hoʻomaha: Ka neʻe ʻana e mālama pono i nā mea a pau a e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā microorganism i nā meaʻai a me ka oxygen.
Nānā ʻia kēia mau mea āpau a hoʻoponopono ʻia e hōʻoia i nā microorganism i nā kūlana kūpono no ka ulu a me ka hana ʻana.
Nā noi o nā bioreactors
He nui nā noi o nā bioreactors i nā ʻoihana like ʻole, ma waena o lākou:
- ʻO kaʻoihana olaki: ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic, nā lāʻau lapaʻau olaola ʻē aʻe. No ka laʻana, ka hana ʻana o ka insulin me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā moʻomeheu cell recombinant.
- Nā mea ʻai a me nā mea inu: ʻO ka fermentation o nā huahana e like me ka pia, ka waina, ka yoghurt a me ka paʻakai. ʻAe nā bioreactors i ka hana ʻana a me ka maikaʻi o kēia mau huahana.
- ʻenehana biotechnology: Ka hana ʻana i nā enzymes a me nā protein no nā hoʻohana like ʻole, e like me nā mea holoi, textiles a me nā meaʻai.
- ikehu: Ka hana ʻana i nā biofuels e like me ka ethanol a me ka biodiesel mai ka biomass. ʻAe nā bioreactors i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea kūlohelohe i nā wahie hou.
- Lapaʻau hoʻowahāwahā wai: Hoʻohana i nā microorganisms e wāwahi a wehe i nā mea haumia mai ka wai ʻino.
Nā hana hou a me ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā bioreactors
Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kahua o nā bioreactors, me nā mea hou e like me hoʻohana hoʻokahi bioreactors ⇀ reducing the risk of contamination and cleaning costs. In addition, the development of automated bioreactors and real-time monitoring systems is improving the efficiency and control of biotechnological processes.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, manaʻo ʻia nā bioreactors e hana koʻikoʻi i ka hana hoʻomau i ka meaʻai, ka ikehu a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, hāʻawi i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia honua e like me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau a me ka palekana meaʻai.
Panina
I ka pōkole, ua like ka bioreactor me kahi hale hana liʻiliʻi no nā microorganism. Mahalo iā lākou, hiki iā mākou ke hana i ka nui o nā huahana e pono ai ko mākou olakino, ka meaʻai a me ka ikehu. ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻomalu a hoʻopaʻa i nā kūlana moʻomeheu e hana i nā bioreactors i mea pono i ka biotechnology hou. Inā makemake ʻoe i ka honua o ka biotech, bioreactors kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o nā lako pono e ʻike ai.
Nā nīnau i nīnau pinepineʻia (FAQ)
ʻO ka bioreactor kahi mea e ulu ai nā cell a i ʻole microorganism ma lalo o nā kūlana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hana i nā mea kikoʻī, e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, meaʻai a i ʻole biofuels.
Pono nā bioreactors no ka mea hāʻawi lākou i kahi kaiapuni i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka ulu ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o nā huahana biological ma o ka kāohi ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka mahana, ka pH, ka nui o ka meaʻai a me ka oxygen.
- - Moku: Kahi i hoʻoulu ʻia ai nā cell a i ʻole microorganism, i hana ʻia me ke kila kila, aniani borosilicate a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohana hoʻokahi.
- - Pūnaehana hoʻonāukiuki: Mechanism no ka hui ʻana i nā mea o ka bioreactor a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā meaʻai a me ka oxygen.
- - Pūnaehana mana: ʻO nā lako e nānā a hoʻoponopono i nā ʻāpana e like me ka mahana, ka pH, ka oxygen dissolved a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka meaʻai.
- - ʻO nā dystems hānai a me ka hoʻolei ʻana: Nā mea hana no ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā meaʻai a me ka wehe ʻana i nā huahana ʻōpala.
Hāʻawi kahi bioreactor i kahi kaiapuni i hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi e hāʻawi ʻia ai nā meaʻai, oxygen, ka mahana kūpono, mālama ʻia ka pH a me ka hoʻonāukiuki e hāpai i ka ulu a me ka hana ʻana o nā micro-organisms a i ʻole nā pūnaewele.
- - ʻOihana lāʻau: Ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic, nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā lāʻau olaola ʻē aʻe.
- - Nā meaʻai a me nā mea inu: ʻO ka fermentation o nā huahana e like me ka pia, ka waina, ka yoghurt a me ka paʻakai.
- - ʻOihana Biotechnology: Ka hana ʻana i nā enzymes a me nā protein no nā detergents a me nā textiles.
- - Ike: Hana ʻia nā biofuels e like me ka ethanol a me ka biodiesel.
- - Hoʻoponopono wai ʻino: Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā microorganism e wāwahi a wehe i nā mea haumia mai ka wai.
